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English Grammar IN Use FOR INTERMEDIATE

15. Past PERFECT (I had done)

A	Study this example situation: Sarah went to a party terminal week. Paul went to the party too, but they didn't run across each other. Paul left t he party at 10.thirty and Sarah arrived at xi o'clock. So: When Sarah arrived at the political party, Paul wasn't there. · He had gone abode. Had gone is the past perfect (simple): I/ we/ they/ you lot had (=I'd etc.) gone seen finished he/ she/ it (=he'd etc) The by perfect simple is had+ past participle (gone/ seen/ finished etc). Sometimes we talk most something that happened in the by: · Sarah arrived at the party. This is the starting betoken of the story. Then, if nosotros want to talk virtually things that happened earlier this fourth dimension, we use the past perfect (had ... ): · When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone dwelling. Some more examples: · When we got home last nighttime, we found that somebody had broken into the flat. · Karen didn't want to become to the cinema with us because she'd already seen the motion-picture show. · At first I thought I'd done the right matter, but I before long realised that I'd fabricated a big mistake. · The man sitting side by side to me on the aeroplane was very nervous. He hadn't flown earlier. or ... He had never flown before.
B	Compare the present perfect (have seen etc.) and the by perfect (had seen etc.): Present perfect Past perfect · Who is that adult female? I've seen her before, but I can't think where. · We aren't hungry. We' ve just had lunch. · The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned it for weeks. · I wasn't sure who she was. I'd seen her before, but I couldn't remember where. · We weren't hungry. We' d just had lunch. · The house was muddied. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks.
C	Compare the past simple (Left, was etc.) and the past perfect (had left, had been etc.): · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: Yep, but he left soon later. · Kate wasn't at home when I phoned. · She was at her female parent/due south house. · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: No, he had already left. · Kate had just got abode when I phoned. She had been at her mother's house.

EXERCISES

15.1	Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. 1 You went to Sue's house, but she wasn't at that place. (she /go /out) ____ She had gone out ____________________ 2 You went back to your home town subsequently many years. It wasn't the same every bit before. (it /modify /a lot) __________________________________________ three I invited Rachel to the political party, just she couldn't come. (she /arrange /to do something else) __________________________________________ iv You lot went to the picture palace last night. You lot got to the cinema belatedly. (the film /already /start) __________________________________________ 5 It was overnice to encounter Daniel again after such a long time. (I /not I come across /him for five years) __________________________________________ 6 I offered Sue something to eat, merely she wasn't hungry. (she /but /accept /breakfast) __________________________________________
15.2	For each situation, write a sentence ending with never ... earlier. Utilise the verb in brackets. i The human sitting side by side to you lot on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flying. (wing) ____ He'd never flown earlier________________ 2 Somebody sang a vocal. I didn't know it. (hear) I __________________________________________ earlier three Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his first game. (play) He __________________________________________ 4 Last year we went to United mexican states. It was our kickoff time at that place. (be there) Nosotros __________________________________________
xv.3	Apply the sentences on the left to complete the paragraphs on the correct. These sentences are in the order in which they happened - and then (a) happened before (b), (b) before (c) etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined judgement, so sometimes you need the past perfect. ane (a) Somebody bankrupt into the role during the night. (b) We arrived at work in the morning. (c) Nosotros called the police force. We arrived at work in the morning and plant that somebody had broken into the part during the night. So __________________________________________ the constabulary. ii (a) Laura went out this morning. (b) I rang her doorbell. (c) There was no answer. I went to Laura's house this morn and rang her doorbell, but ____________ no answer. _________________ out. 3 (a) Jim came back from holiday a few days agone. (b) I met him the same day. (c) He looked very well. I met Jim a few days ago ______ just ___________ vacation. ___________ very well. 4 (a) Kevin sent Emerge lots of emails. (b) She never replied to them. (c) Yesterday he got a phone telephone call from her. (d) He was very surprised. Yesterday Kevin ____________ from Emerge. __________ very surprised. _______ lots of emails, but _______________.
fifteen.four	Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past elementary (I did). one 'Was Paul at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he ___ had gone_____(go) dwelling.' ii I felt very tired when I got dwelling, so I ____________ (go) straight to bed. 3 The house was very placidity when I got home. Everybody _______________ (go) to bed. iv Deplorable I'm late. The car ____________ (break) down on my way here. 5 We were driving along the road when we ________________ (run into) a car which ________ (intermission) down, so we ___________(stop) to aid.

ANSWER KEY

xv.i

2 It had changed a lot.

3 She'd arranged to exercise something else. /She had arranged ...

iv The film had already started.

v I hadn't seen him for five years.

6 She'd just had breakfast. /She had just had ...

xv.2

two I'd never heard it before. /I had never heard ...

3 He'd never played (lawn tennis) earlier. /He had never played .. .

four Nosotros'd never been in that location before. /We had never been .. .

15.3

1 we called

2 at that place was ... She'd gone /She had gone

3 He'd just come dorsum from /He had but come back from ... He looked

iv got a phone call He was He'd sent her /He had sent her ...

she'd never replied to them I

she had never replied to them

15.4

2 went

3 had gone

4 broke

5 saw ... had broken ... stopped

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Source: https://englishexercisesources.blogspot.com/2019/12/15-past-perfect-i-had-done-english.html

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